Resources

The Pipeline Project is dedicated to sharing other resources from researchers, news articles, and other outlets to continue advancing gender equity in collegiate athletics.

Empirical Research

Bruening, J. E., & Dixon, M. A. (2007). Work-family conflict in coaching II: Managing role conflict. Journal of Sport Management, 21, 471-496.

Bruening, J. E., Dixon, M. A., Tiell, B., Osbourne, B., Lough, N., & Sweeney, K. (2008). Work-life culture of collegiate athletics: Perceptions of supervisors. International Journal of Sport Management, 9, 250-272.

Burton, L. J. (2015). Underrepresentation of women in sport leadership: A review of research. Sport management review18(2), 155-165.

Burton, L. J., Barr, C. A., Fink, J. S., & Bruening, J. E. (2009). “Think athletic director, think masculine?”: Examination of gender typing of managerial subroles within athletic administration position. Sex Roles, 61, 416-426.

Burton, L. J., Borland, J., & Mazerolle, S. M. (2012). “They cannot seem to get past the

gender issue”: Experiences of young female athletic trainers in NCAA Division I intercollegiate athletics. Sport Management Review15(3), 304-317.

Burton, L. J., Grappendorf, H., & Henderson, A. (2011). Perceptions of gender in athletic

administration: Utilizing role congruity theory to examine (potential) prejudice

against women. Journal of Sport Management, 25, 36-45.

Burton, L., & Parker, H. (2010). Gender typing in management: Evaluation of managerial subroles for sport. Advancing Women in Leadership Journal30.

Cunningham, G. B. (2015). Creating and sustaining workplace cultures supportive of LGBT employees in college athletics. Journal of Sport Management29(4), 426-442.

Darvin, L., Hancock, M. G., &Williams, S. (2021). Perceptions of the sport leadership labyrinth through the career pathways of intercollegiate women administrators. SN Social Sciences, 1(12), 1-23.

Dickman, G., Jensen, J. A., & Weight, E. (2021). Career paths of power five athletic directors: A social network analysis. Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics14(1), 11.

Dixon, M. A., & Bruening, J. E. (2005). Perspectives on work-family conflict in sport: An integrated approach. Sport Management Review, 8, 227-253.

Dixon, M. A., & Bruening, J. E. (2007). Work-family conflict in coaching I: A top-down perspective. Journal of Sport Management, 21, 377-406.

Fitzgerald, M. P., Sagaria, M. D., & Nelson, B. (1994). Career patterns of athletic directors: Challenging the conventional wisdom. Journal of Sport Management, 8, 14-26.

Grappendorf, H., & Lough, N. (2006). An endangered species: Characteristics and perspectives from female NCAA division I athletics directors of both separate and merged athletic departments. The Sport Management and Related Topics Journal, 2(2), 6-20.

Grappendorf, H., Lough, N., & Griffin, J. (2004). Profiles and career patterns of female NCAA division I athletic directors. International Journal of Sport Management, 5(3), 243-261.

Grappendorf, H., Pent, A., Burton, L., & Henderson, A. (2008). Gender role stereotyping: A qualitative analysis of senior woman administrators’ perceptions regarding financial decision making. Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics, 1, 26-45.

Green, E.,& Hancock, M. G.(2023). “Is he my boss?  I don’t know:” The role of the sport supervisor in NCAA Division I intercollegiate athletics.  Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics, 16, 557-580.

Hancock, M. G., Balkin, R. S., Reiner, S. M, Williams, S., Juhnke, J., & Hunter, Q. (2019). Examination of life balance, personality, and work addiction in NCAA athletic administrators & coaches. The Career Development Quarterly, 67, 264-270.

Hancock, M. G., Darvin, L., & Walker, N. (2018). Beyond the glass ceiling: Sport management students’ perceptions of the leadership labyrinth.  Sport Management Education Journal, 12(2), 100-109.

Hancock, M. G., Grappendorf, H., Wells, J., & Burton, L. (2017). Career Breakthroughs of Women in Intercollegiate Athletic Administration: What is the Role of Mentoring? Journal of Intercollegiate Sport, 10, 184-206.

Hancock, M. G., & Hums, M. A. (2016). “A leaky pipeline?” Perceptions of barriers and supports of female senior-level administrators in NCAA Division I athletic departments.  Sport Management Review, 19, 198-210.

Hancock, M. G., & Hums, M. A. (2015). Career goals and expectations of female senior level administrators in NCAA Division I athletic departments. Global Sport Management Journal, 3(1), 21-42.

Hancock, M.G,Taylor, E., Green, E., & Giddings, A. (2024). Impacts of organizational culture on employee turnover (White paper). ACC Innovation Initiative.

Hardin, R., Taylor, E. A., Smith, A., Siegele, J., & Koo, G. Y. (2022). Female senior-level administrators experiences of gender bias in collegiate athletics. Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics15(1), 16.

Henderson, A. C., Grappendorf, H., & Burton, L. (2011). Attributions for success and failure in athletic administration positions. Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics4(1), 14.

Hoffman, J. L. (2010). The dilemma of the Senior Woman Administrator role in intercollegiate athletics. Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics, 3, 53-75.

Hoffman, J. L. (2011). Inside the huddle: Gender stereotyping work among senior-level women athletic administrators. International Journal of Sport Management, 12, 255-274.

Howe, J. E., & Rockhill, C. A. (2020). “Feelings that others won’t necessarily have”: Experiences of Black athletic administrators navigating the collegiate athletic setting. Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics13(1), 1.

Huml, M. R., Taylor, E. A., & Dixon, M. A. (2020). From engaged worker to workaholic: a mediated model of athletic department employees. European Sport Management Quarterly21(4), 583–604.

Huml, M. R., Taylor, E. A., & Martin, E. M. (2023). The Effect of Remote Work on Family and Work Dynamics Within the Sport Industry. Journal of Sport Management37(3), 179-190.

Inglis, S., Danylchuk, K. E., & Pastore, D. L. (1996). Understanding retention factors in coaching and athletic management positions. Journal of Sport Management, 10, 237-249.

Inglis, S., Danylchuk, K. E., & Pastore, D. L. (2000). Multiple realities of women’s work experiences in coaching and athletic management. Women in Sport & Physical Activity, 9(2), 1-27.

Keaton, A. C. I. (2022). Black women diversity leaders’ perceptions of organizational inclusivity in college sports. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living4, 923649.

Keaton, A. C. (2023). An interpretative phenomenological analysis of Black women Diversity and Inclusion Leaders in sport organizations. Journal of Sport Management38(1), 12-25.

Keaton, A. C., & Cooper, J. N. (2022). A racial reckoning in a racialized organization? Applying racialized organization theory to the NCAA institutional field. Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics15(1), 4.

Lovett, D. J., & Lowry, C. D. (1994). “Good old boys” and “good old girls” clubs: Myth or reality. Journal of Sport Management, 8, 27-35.

McDowell, J., & Carter-Francique, A. (2017). An intersectional analysis of the workplace experiences of African American female athletic directors. Sex Roles77(5), 393-408.

Melton, E. N., & Cunningham, G. B. (2014). Examining the workplace experiences of sport employees who are LGBT: A social categorization theory perspective. Journal of Sport Management28(1), 21-33.

Ott, M., & Beaumont, J. (2020). Defining and describing mid‐level administrators in intercollegiate athletics. New Directions for Higher Education2020(189), 87-102.

Price, T., Dunlap, R., & Eller, J. (2017). An exploration of Black women’s intersectionality in athletic administration. Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics10(1), 6.

Quarterman, J., DuPree, A., & Willis, K. (2006). Challenges confronting female intercollegiate athletics directors of NCAA member institutions by division. College Student Journal, 40(3), 528-548.

Sagas, M., & Cunningham, G. B. (2004a). Does having “the right stuff” matter?  Gender differences in the determinants of career success among intercollegiate athletic administrators. Sex Roles, 50(5/6), 411-421.

Sagas, M., & Cunningham, G. B. (2004b). The impact of supervisor support on perceived career outcomes of the senior woman administrator. International Journal of Sport Management, 5(3), 229-242.

Shim, K., Carter-Francique, A. R., & Singer, J. N. (2020). The foreigner: Race-based experiences of Asian employees in intercollegiate athletics administration. Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics13(1), 17.

Smith, A. B., Dwyer, B., Gellock, J., & Graham, J. A. (2021). NCAA Coaches and Academic Professionals Perceptions of Importance, Commitment, and Effectiveness of Organizational Culture and Student-Athlete Experience. Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics14(1), 24.

Smith, A. B., Taylor, E. A., Siegele, J. A., & Hardin, R. (2019). NCAA division I senior woman administrators’ perceptions of barriers to career mobility. Journal of Issues in Intercollegiate Athletics12(1), 17.

Sotiriadou, P., & De Haan, D. (2019). Women and leadership: Advancing gender equity policies in sport leadership through sport governance. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics11(3), 365-383.

Sveinson, K., Taylor, E., Keaton, A. C., Burton, L., Pegoraro, A., & Toffoletti, K. (2022). Addressing gender inequity in sport through women’s invisible labor. Journal of Sport Management36(3), 240-250.

Taylor, E. A., & Hardin, R. (2016). Female NCAA Divisio n I athletic directors: Experiences and challenges. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal24(1), 14-25.

Taylor, E. A., Huml, M. R., & Dixon, M. A. (n.d. ). Workaholism in Sport: A Mediated Model of Work–Family Conflict and Burnout. Journal of Sport Management33(4), 249-260.

Taylor, E. A., Lee, L., Huml, M. R., & Lopez, C. (2024). Impacts of career commitment, gender, and job position on turnover intentions among athletic department employees: a moderated mediation model. European Sport Management Quarterly24(2), 515-535.

Taylor, E. A., Smith, A. B., & Hardin, R. (2017). Experiences and challenges of women working in NCAA Division I athletic departments. Applied Research in Coaching and Athletics Annual32(1), 144-184.

Taylor, E., Sveinson, K., & Burton, L. (2024). “If This Is What Working in Sports Is, I Want Absolutely No Part of It”: Women’s Experiences With Sexual Harassment in Sport Organizations. Journal of Sport Management1(aop), 1-16.

Taylor, E. A., Ward, R. M., Huml, M. R., & Darvin, L. (2021). Examining intercollegiate athletic department employees’ workplace behaviors using latent profile analysis. Sport Management Review25(1), 162–187.

Taylor, E. A., & Wells, J. E. (2017). Institutionalized barriers and supports of female athletic directors:  A multilevel perspective. Journal of Intercollegiate Sport10(2), 157-183.

Tiell, B., & Dixon, M. A. (2008). Roles and tasks of the Senior Woman Administrator (SWA) in intercollegiate athletics. Journal for the Study of Sports and Athletes in Education, 2(3), 339-361.

Weight, E. A., Taylor, E., Huml, M. R., & Dixon, M. A. (2021). Working in the sport industry: A classification of human capital archetypes. Journal of Sport Management35(4), 364-378.

Wells, J., & Hancock, M. G. (2017). Networking, sponsoring, mentoring: Strategies to support women in leadership. In L. Burton & S. Leberman (Eds.) Women in Sport Leadership. Routledge.

Welty Peachey, J., & Burton, L. J. (2011). Male or female athletic director? Exploring perceptions of leader effectiveness and a (potential) female leadership advantage with intercollegiate athletic directors. Sex Roles64, 416-425.

Whisenant, W. A., Pedersen, P. M., & Obenour, B. L. (2002). Success and gender: Determining the rate of advancement for intercollegiate athletic directors. Sex Roles, 47(9/10), 485-491.

Wood, E., Dittmore, S., Stokowski, S., & Li, B. (2019). Division I athletic director trends and perceptions of requisite professional skills. Journal of Higher Education Athletics & Innovation1(5), 102-121.

News Articles

Other Resources

Acosta/Carpenter. (2011).  “Women in Intercollegiate Sport.  A longitudinal, national study, Thirty-Seven year update. 1977-2014”.  Unpublished manuscript. www.acostacarpenter.ORG

Bower, G. G. (2009). Effective mentoring relationships with women in sport: Results of a meta-ethnography. Advancing Women in Leadership Journal, 29(3), Retrieved from http://advancingwomen.com/awl/awl_wordpress/

Hancock, M.G., Green, E.R., Shuck, B., & Thorne, M. (2023). Compassionate leadership in college athletics: “It’s a competitive advantage” (White paper). ACC Innovation Initiative. https://www.cria-unc.com/copy-of-2021-2022-acc-cria-projects

Huml, M. & Taylor, L. (2022, September 14). Why employees are fleeing the college athletics industry. Sportico. https://www.sportico.com/leagues/college-sports/2022/why-employees-are-leaving-college-athletics-1234687903/

Lapchick, R. (2023). 2022 racial and gender report card: College Sport. https://www.tidesport.org/college

NCAA. (2024). NCAA Demographics Database. https://www.ncaa.org/sports/2018/12/13/ncaa-demographics-database.aspx